FAQ's
- Q:- Who notify the Spray Schedule?
A:- Director Horticulture, Kashmir.
- Q:- Who is the Mission Director of MIDH?
A:- Director Horticulture, Kashmir
- Q:- Which is the main fruit crop of J&K ?
A:- Apple
- Q:- Which district is the largest producer of apple in J&K ?
A:- Baramulla
- Q:- Which is the most commercial variety of apple in J&K ?
A:- Red Delicious
- Q:- Which is the most commercially used apple pollinizing variety in J&K ?
A:- Golden Delicious
- Q:- What are the spur type varieties of apple?
A:- Silver Spur, Gold Spur, Red Chief, Oregon Spur, Well Spur, Bright-N-Early, Super Chief
- Q:- What are the newly recommended varieties of apple ?
A:- Super Chief, Red Fuji, Coe Red Fuji, Silver Spur, Fuji Zehn Aztec, Red Velox, Gala Redlum
- Q:- Which is the thinning agent and what is the time of its application in apple?
A:- Ethephon (200 ppm 2-3 weeks after full bloom)
- Q:- How to control pre-harvest fruit drop in apple?
A:- Spray 10 ppm NAA, 21 days before expected harvest
- Q:- Which soil is most suitable for apple and pear cultivation?
A:- Loamy soils rich in organic matter is most suitable for apple and pear cultivation.
- Q:- What are the clonal rootstocks of apple?
A:- The important clonal rootstocks of apple are M-9, M-7, MM-106, MM-111.
- Q:- Which is the commonly used clonal rootstock of apple for high density planting?
A:- M-9 is the commonly used rootstock of apple for high density planting.
- Q:- Which is the commonly recommended planting distance for plantation on seedling rootstock in apple?
A:- 6m x 6m is the recommended planting distance for plantation on seedling rootstock in apple.
- Q:- What is the commonly recommended planting distance for establishing high density apple orchard on M-9 rootstock?
A:- 3.0 m x 1.5 m is the commonly recommended planting distance for establishing high density apple orchard on M-9 rootstock.
- Q:- Clonal rootstocks of apple are multiplied commonly by which method?
A:- Clonal rootstocks of apple are commonly multiplied by mound or stool layering.
- Q:- Which is the most common method of budding in apple?
A:- T-budding is the most common method of budding in apple
- Q:- What is the suitable time of budding in apple?
A:- July-August is the suitable time of budding in apple.
- Q:- Which is the common method of grafting in apple?
A:- Tongue or wedge grafting is the common method of grafting in apple.
- Q:- What is the suitable time of grafting of apple?
A:- March is the suitable time of grafting of apple
- Q:- Which varieties are mainly used for high density planting in apple?
A:- Spur type varieties are mainly used for high density planting in apple.
- Q:- Which training system is generally adopted for traditional apple plantations?
A:- Modified leader system of training is generally adopted for traditional apple plantation.
- Q:- Which training system is mainly adopted for high density apple plantation?
A:- Tall spindle or espeliar system of training is generally adopted for high density apple plantation.
- Q:- What is the appropriate season for pruning of temperate fruits?
A:- Dormant season(Dec-Feb) is the appropriate season for pruning of temperate fruits.
- Q:- How to overcome acute nitrogen deficiency in apple and pear?
A:- Foliar application of 0.5% urea provide quick recovery from nitrogen deficiency in apple and pear.
- Q:- How to overcome Calcium deficiency in apples and pears?
A:- Spray twice calcium chloride @0.3% at 2-3 weeks interval during June-July.
- Q:- How to overcome Boron deficiency in apples and pears?
A:- Spray thrice boric acid @0.15% atbud swell stage, after petal fall and 21 days after 2nd spray.
- Q:- Which is the best time of application of organic manured in apple and pear?
A:- February-March is the best time of application of manures in apple and pear.
- Q:- What type of manure should be applied in temperate fruits?
A:- Well rotten FYM or vermicompost should be applied in temperate fruits.
- Q:- What is the fertilizer requirement of one year old apple and pear trees?
A:- 50 g Urea, 25 g DAP &80 g MOP per tree is the fertilizer requirement of apple and pear trees.
- Q:- What is the fertilizer requirement of mature apple and pear trees (15 & above years of age)?
A:- 1500 g Urea, 750 g DAP & 2500 g MOP per tree is the fertilizer requirement of mature apple and pear trees (15 & above years of age)
- Q:- What are the common diseases of apple and how they can be managed?
A:- Scab, alternaria leaf spot, powdery mildew, marsonina leaf blotch, root and collar rot are the common diseases of apple. They can be managed by adopting spray schedule .
- Q:- What are the common pests of apple and how they can be managed?
A:- European red mite, Sanjose scale, shot hole borer, aphids are the common pests of apple. They can be managed by spraying HMO’s/ adopting recommended spray schedule.
- Q:- What is pollination?
A:- It is the transfer of pollen from male to female flowers.
- Q:- What are the pollinizers ?
A:- These are the pollen producing genotypes/donors which provide pollen to the female flowers.
- Q:- Does all fruit plants in apple and pear need pollination?
A:- Yes, hermaphrodite flowers if provided with pollinizers produce better crop.
- Q:- Name the pollinizers for apple, Pear and cherry?
A:- Apple: Golden Delicious, Red Gold, Granny Smith, Red Fuji. Crab apples etc.
Pear: Fertility, Beurre Hardy, Conference.
Cherry: Sour Cherry, Van, Stella, Bing.
- Q:- Can we plant pollinizers on the borders of the orchard?
A:- Yes.
- Q:- What are the pollinators?
A:- These are the agents which transfer pollen from male to female flowers.
- Q:- Do we need honey bee colonies in the orchard?
A:- Yes we need honey bee colonies in the orchard for good pollination.
- Q:- What are the rootstocks used in pear under high density plantation?
A:- Quine-C and BA-29.
- Q:- What are the early season varieties of pear?
A:- China Pear, Beurre-de-Amanalis.
- Q:- What are the mid season varieties of pear?
A:- Citron-des-Carmis, Clapp’s Favourite, Doyenne Bussoch, Gent Drouard, Fertility, Chinese Sandy Pear and William Bartlett.
- Q:- What are the late season varieties of pear?
A:- Beurre Hardy, starkrimsonand Vicar of Winkfield.
- Q:- Which rootstock of pear should be used in soils with higher water table?
A:- Quince rootstock.
- Q:- What is the best method and time of grafting in pear?
A:- Tongue grafting during February-March.
- Q:- What is the best method and time of budding in pear?
A:- T-budding during July-August.
- Q:- How to improve storability of pear fruits?
A:- Spray of 0.5% calcium chloride 30 days before harvest improve the storability of pear fruits.
- Q:- How to control fruit russeting in pear?
A:- Apply 2-3 sprays of wettable sulphur (7g)+boric acid (1g) + Kaolin (2g) per litre of water at 7-15 days interval starting from balloon stage of fruit development.
- Q:- What are the newly recommended cultivars of pear by SKUAST-K?
A:- Carmen and Abatte are the newly recommended cultivars of pear by SKUAST-K
- Q:- What should be the planting distance for establishing high density pear orchard?
A:- 3m x 3m.
- Q:- Where can we grow peaches?
A:- Both in sub tropical and temperate areas.
- Q:- What type of soils are suited for growing peaches?
A:- Deep, well drained, sandy loamy soils rich in organic matter are best suited. It does not tolerate imperfect drainage.
- Q:- Name varieties for a spread harvest in peaches?
A:- Following are the varieties in peaches :
Early(Late June): Sahranpuri
Mid (Early to mid July): Peshawari, July Elberta, Red Globe
Late (Late July-early August): Elberta, Quetta, Gloheaven, Crest heaven
- Q:- Which rootstock is required for raising peach in heavy soil?
A:- Plum is most suited for raising peach in heavy soils.
- Q:- What method of propagation should be applied for multiplying peach?
A:- Tongue grafting in February or T-Budding in July –August are the common methods for multiplying peach.
- Q:- Is peach subject to sunburn?
If yes how we can combat it?
A:- Yes. Tree trunk should be white washed to avoid sunburn.
- Q:- What quantity of organic manure need to be provided for a good crop of peach?
A:- Completely decomposed FYM should be applied during February-March at following rate;
1-5 years= 15kg per tree
6-10 years= 25 kg per tree
Above = 40 kg per tree
- Q:- What quantity of fertilizer should be applied at beginning and to full bearing peach tree?
A:- I year= Urea- 50g, DAP-20g, MOP-70g
Fully mature= Urea-850g, DAP-350g, MOP-1050g should be applied in peach.
- Q:- What are the two types of plums?
A:- European (Prune type) and Japanese types.
- Q:- What type of soil is suited for growing plum?
A:- Medium to deep loam soils are desirable, but it can be grown on wide range of soils
- Q:- What are the varieties of plum for a spread harvest?
A:- Recommended varieties of plum:
Early (end of June-mid July)=Sharp’s Early, Mariposa, Formosa
Mid (Late July-early August)=Santa Rosa, Satsuma, Wickson, Burbank
Late (Mid-late August)=Grand Duke, President, Italian prune
- Q:- What should be the planting system and spacing for plums?
A:- Hexagonal system at 6m x 6m spacing is ideal for plum.
- Q:- What method of propagation should be applied for multiplying plum?
A:- T-Budding or shield budding during July-August.
- Q:- When does plum bear fruits?
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A:- Plum bears on one year old shoot.
- Q:- What is the method of pruning in plum?
A:- 20% of wood should be removed to ensure regular good crop.
- Q:- Is plum subject to sunburn. If yes how we can combat it?
A:- Yes, plum is subject to sunburn. Tree trunk should be white washed.
- Q:- What care shall be taken at harvest of plums?
A:- In free stone cultivars change in colour of pit, and ground colour change is index of maturity.
- Q:- What are the different types of apricots?
A:- Drying, table, sweet kernelled, bitter kernelled, free stone and cling stone.
- Q:- What type of soils is suited for growing apricots?
A:- Apricots can be grown in wide range of soils, but sandy loamy soils are the best.
- Q:- What are the different varieties of apricot for a spread harvest?
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A:- Following are the varieties of apricot:
Early (2nd week of June )=Charmagz, Kaisha, New Castle, chantey
Mid (Late june –July) = Frogmore Early, Gigati Sweet, Halman. Harcot, Ogrand, CITH-Apricot 1,2 &3.
Late = Amba, Quetta, Raqtsey Karpo, Tiltan
- Q:- What rootstocks are suitable for apricots?
A:- Apricot on wild apricot is long lived; other stocks are almond and plum.
- Q:- What should be the planting system for apricots?
A:- Traditionally apricots are planted in square system of planting
- Q:- What method of propagation should be applied for multiplying apricots?
A:- T-budding during July-August, annular budding in late June- late July and tongue grafting in mid February.
- Q:- When does apricot bear fruits?
A:- Apricot bears on one year old shoots and spurs.
- Q:- What is the method of pruning in apricots?
A:- Spurs in apricot are short lived and require slightly heavier pruning.
- Q:- Is apricot subject to sunburn?
If yes how we can combat it?
A:- Yes apricot is subjected to sun burn. The tree trunk should be white washed.
- Q:- What quantity of organic manure is needed for a good crop of apricots?
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A:- Completely decomposed FYM should be applied during February-March at following rate:
1-5 years = 15kg per tree
6-10 years = 25 kg per tree
Above = 40 kg per tree
- Q:- What quantity of fertilizer should be applied at beginning and to full bearing apricot tree?
A:- i. I year= Urea- 50g, DAP-20g, MOP-70g
ii. For fully mature= Urea-850g, DAP-350g, MOP-1050g.
- Q:- Can we grow kiwifruit under Kashmir conditions?
A:- Yes, though it is a temperate fruit crop but require 600-1100 chilling hours for uniform floral development and bud break.
- Q:- How kiwifruit is propagated?
A:- Kiwi fruit is propagated by budding, grafting and cutting.
- Q:- What are the different types of training systems used in Kiwifruit?
A:- T-bar and Pergola are the common training systems adopted in kiwifruit. However, T-bar is cheaper and easy in operation.
- Q:- What is the nutrient requirement in Kiwifruit?
A:- For ideal kiwi production, 20 kg FYM and 500 g NPK mixture of 15:15:15 grade should be applied for one year of age. After 5 years, 800-900 g N, 500-600 g P2O5 and 900 gm K2O alongwith 40 kg organic manure should be applied in February-March, with N in two split doeses.
- Q:- How much irrigation is required in kiwifruit?
A:- In kiwifruit, frequent irrigation is needed during first 2-3 years. In well established orchard fortnightly irrigation is required during the dry season.
- Q:- When to harvest kiwifruit ?
A:- When fruitstotal soluble solid content is about 6.2%, it is best maturity indices for harvesting of kiwifruit.
- Q:- Whether there is any serious disease/pest in kiwifruit?
A:- No, but sometime rootrot or collar rot may damage the vine.
